10.4. BSP Initialization¶
The bootloader jumps or calls the RTEMS executable’s entry point, normally a fixed address. The BSP entry point or start up code performs:
Low level processor specific initialization that such as setting control registers so the processor is operating in a mode RTEMS is built for
Cache flushing, clearing and invalidation
Memory management unit (MMU) set up if required
Clear the uninitialized data section
Process a command line if supported by the bootloader
Call
bootcard
which disabled interrupts, saves away a command line if the BSP supports it then call the RTEMS kernel early initialize entry pointrtems_initialize_executive
. This call never returns.
Further BSP initialization happens as part of RTEMS kernel’s System Initialization process. The following handlers are declared and if provided are placed at the beginning of the initialization handler list. The BSP can provides:
bsp_work_area_initialize
This function determines the amount of memory that can be given to RTEMS for the workspace and the C library heap which
malloc
uses. The call typically uses thebsp_work_area_initialize_default
to perform actually perform the initialization.bsp_start
This function is specialized for each architecture and even for some BSPs. It performs the low level initialization RTEMS needs so it can run on the architecture and BSP.
bsp_predriver_hook
This function can be used to initialize hardware drivers depend on such as configuring an interrupt controller. The default version is empty and does nothing.
BSPs all perform similar operations with common functionality and the RTEMS kernel provides common code that can be shared between BSPs. The use of the common code is encouraged for all new BSPs.
10.5. RTEMS Initialization¶
The RTEMS kernel initialization is:
Invoke the registered system initialization handlers
Set the system state to up
If the kernel supports SMP request multitasking start. All online cores are transferred to the ready to start multitasking state.
Start threaded multitasking. RTEMS starts multitasking by getting the first thread to run and dispatching it.
C++ static object constructors are called in the context of the first running thread before the thread body is entered.
10.5.1. System Initialization Handlers¶
RTEMS supports the automatic registration of services used in applications. This method of initialization automatically configures RTEMS with only the services used in an application. There is no manual configuration of services used and no updating of initialization function tables.
RTEMS uses specialized sections in the ELF executable to perform this task. The system is based on the FreeBSD SYSINT Framework. Ordered initialization is performed before multitasking is started.
The RTEMS Tool rtems-exeinfo
can provide some detail about the registered
handlers. The following shows the initialization handlers for the Hello World
sample application in the RTEMS kernel’s testsuite:
.. code-block:: none
$ rtems-exeinfo –init arm-rtems6/c/xilinx_zynq_zedboard/testsuites/samples/hello.exe RTEMS Executable Info 6.5416cfa39dd6 $ rtems-exeinfo –init arm-rtems6/c/xilinx_zynq_zedboard/testsuites/samples/hello.exe exe: arm-rtems6/c/xilinx_zynq_zedboard/testsuites/samples/hello.exe
- Compilation:
- Producers: 2
GNU AS 2.31.1: 14 objectsGNU C11 7.3.0 20180125 (RTEMS 6, RSB e55769c64cf1a201588565a5662deafe3f1ccdcc, Newlib 103b055035fea328f8bc7826801760fb1c055683): 284 objects- Common flags: 4
-march=armv7-a -mthumb -mfpu=neon -mfloat-abi=hard- Init sections: 2
- .init_array
0x001047c1 frame_dummy
- .rtemsroset
0x00104c05 bsp_work_area_initialize 0x00104c41 bsp_start 0x0010eb45 zynq_debug_console_init 0x0010ec19 rtems_counter_sysinit 0x0010b779 _User_extensions_Handler_initialization 0x0010c66d rtems_initialize_data_structures 0x00107751 _RTEMS_tasks_Manager_initialization 0x0010d4f5 _POSIX_Keys_Manager_initialization 0x0010dd09 _Thread_Create_idle 0x0010cf01 rtems_libio_init 0x001053a5 rtems_filesystem_initialize 0x0010546d _Console_simple_Initialize 0x0010c715 _IO_Initialize_all_drivers 0x001076d5 _RTEMS_tasks_Initialize_user_tasks_body 0x0010cfa9 rtems_libio_post_driver
The section .rtemsroset
lists the handlers called in order. The handlers
can be split into the BSP initialization handlers that start the BSP:
bsp_work_area_initialize
bsp_start
zynq_debug_console_init
rtems_counter_sysinit
And the remainder are handlers for services used by the application. The list varies based on the services the application uses.